Electric break and induction apparatus



N0. 607,!77. Patented July 12, I898. T. B. KINRAIDE.

ELECTRIC BREAK AND INDUGTION APPARATUS.

(Application filed July 26, 1897.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

YHE uunms PETERS c0. mom-u'ruo" msumawn. o. c.

No. 607,177. Patented July l2, I898. T. B. KINRAIDE.

ELECTRIC BREAK AND INDUCTION APPARATUS.

(Application filed July 26, 1897.) (N0 Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UrviTnn STATES PATENT Orrioie.

THOMAS B. KINRAIDE, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

ELEOTREC BREAK AND lNDCTlON APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming "part of Letters Patent No. 607,177, dated July 12, 1898.

Application filed July 26, 1897. Serial No. 645,880. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS E. KINRAIDE, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in HighSpeed Break and Induction Apparatus, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawin gs, is a specification, like letters on the drawin gs representing like parts.

My invention has for its object the provision of an improved break, particularly intended for use with induction-coils, and an improved means and method of operating the same.

In certain classes of electrical work it is of peculiar advantage to have the fluctuations of the inducing-current dropped with extreme suddenness from their maximum, so fhatinstead of the usual sinusoidal curve the curve will present a series of gradual rises followed by abrupt drops in substantially vertical lines.

The details of my invention will be pointed out in the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the invention will be more fully defined in the appended claims, also forming a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus arranged in accordance with my invention. Figs. 2 and 2 are similar views, respectively, of slightly modified arrangements. Fig. 3 is a plan View of the preferred form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. i is a view in front elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3, parts partly in section and partly broken away to expose the operating parts. Fig. 5 is a View of my collector applied to a well-known type of break. Figs. 6 and 7 are views of two forms of colleetor, that in Fig. 6 being of the preferred form shown in Figs. 3 and 4:. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary detail in top plan, showing a rigid collector placed on the side of the hammer opposite the coil.

My invention is intended for use either with alternating or direct currents.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be understood that A designates a usual alternating-electriccurrent dynamo. This is connected to. a usual transformer B, and in the circuit 0 O thereof are included the induction-coil D, break E, and condenser F of my invention, which I will now explain. The induction-coil may be of any suitable kind desired. The primary of the latter instead of connecting directly to the main circuit at O is connected with one partf of a double condenser at C the other part f of said condenser having connection at O with the break and through the latter with the part f thereof at O", the condenser F being connected at its opposite end to the main wire O.

The principle of operation of my improved apparatus so far as explained may be briefly stated thus: \Vhen the break is closed, the full current passes through the ind notion-coil by reason of the fact that the condenser has both its parts f f in closed circuit therewith, the partf being always in closed circuit, as described, and the part f being in closed circuit through the connection 0 the closed break, and the connection 0*. The core of the induction coil is strongly magnetized upon the passage of this full current and imin ediately Withdraws the hammer of the break from its anvil, so as to interrupt the current and thereby cut off that portion of it depending upon the part f of'the condenser. This causes at oncea sudden drop in the inductive action of the coil.

It will be noted that the hammer e of the break is provided with means positively to limit its movement, said means being shown in the form of a projection cooperating with a stop 6 preferably adjustable. (Indicated in Fig. 1 and shown more in detail in the preferred form of my apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 4.) By reason of this stop the length of the spark-gap between the hammer e and its anvil c is positively controlled, so that the time period of the interruptions may be regulated to the requirements for throwing the charged condenser f into the circuit for discharging it at the proper moment to accelerate the inductive action of the primary.

In the figures last mentioned I show the preferred form of my break, in which it will be seen that the anvil is not at the end of the core, as is usual, but is at the side thereof, the core projecting from the coil sufficiently to enable this to be done. The reason for this is that I have found that by placing the hammer thus directly in the field of the greatest number of lines of force the action of the apparatus is very materially improved, and in order to increase the frequency and to get rid of the heating thereof, so that the break can be extremely rapid, I have made the sev eral parts thereof laminated, the core being preferably composed of a plurality of wires and the anvil of a number of plates secured together, although any other means of lamination is within my invention.

A l'ln'ther feature of my invention resides in providing a collector G for the lines of force to direct them upon the hammer, thereby enabling me to use a much smaller hammer than would otherwise be possible for the same effect.

\Vhen formed as illustrated in Figs. 3 and .i, the collector consists of a body of metal ('l, preferably soft steel or iron and preferably laminated, placed within the lield of force of the coil and immediately adjacent the hammer, thereby presenting to the hammer a field olf strong magnetic intensity, so that it is equivalent to making the hammer much larger, at the same time permitting a much smaller moving part than usual. Preferably this collector will be movable relatively to the hammer, so that its el'lect on the latter may be varied.

In Fig. 7 I have shown the collector G as pivoted at g and as having its lower end curved at g adjacent the hammer 0. By this provision it will be seen that the amount of current delivered through the break is read 'ily controlled, inasmuch. as the collector tends to gather in the lines of force and direct them to the hammer, so that it the collector is in the full-line position, Fig. 7, the greatest intensity will result, whereas it the collector is in its dotted-line position a less intensity will result, and this may be varied according to the position into which the collector is swung. The resultant effect upon the hammer is that it has an active or sluggish movement, accord ing to the position of the collector.

\Vhen the collector is swung entirely away from the hammer, or in case it is omitted entirely, the tendency of the hannncr is to lag or hang to the anvil as it is drawn away, whereas with the collector in its fullline position, as shown, the action of the break is short and quick.

In Fig. 5 I have shown one form of my collector as applied to a break having its hammer at the end of the core, the collector 3r being therein shown as pivoted on a connecting or brace rod at the upper end of the posts E ii In Figs. 3, 4t, and t I have shown the collector having a bifurcated end in order to encompass the hammer. In this case it will be understood that the regulator is composed of a plurality of pieces of metal stamped out and bound together to constitu to its laminated body.

The configuration and position of the collector may be otherwise changed to include a greater or a fewer number oi the lines of force or, indeed, the entire lield,according to the cl't'ect it is desired to produce upon the hammer, one example being illustrated in Fig. 8, in which the collector Cr is shown as mounted at the side oi the hammer opposite the coil. \Vith this construction whenever by the tearing oil of small pieces of metal. from the contact-points the break-gap is partially short-circuited when open the rapidlyincreasing lines of force are so concentrated by the collector upon the hammer as to drag the latter sidewise toward the collector, thus overcoming the short circuit by sheari ngapart the fused particles and separating the poi nts, the hammer then resuming its nin'nntl. viln'ation.

In Fig. 2 I have shown another means of connecting the parts, I) imlicating a solenoid for the purpose of. drmving back the hammer of the break It, and an inductioir coil being shown as interposed between the break and the partf oi the condenser, a flat coil, such as I have shown in my appli alt-ion Serial No. (330,293, being herein shown as pre ferred for this purpose, ll imlieating the pri" mary, and the secondary beinc shown by dotted lines. It will be nlulcr.--ltood that when the break is interrupted with a short spark gap an extrei'ncly rapid oscilla l ion takes place bet-ween the two parts ff ol' the condenser I and this elljects an extrennjily rapid rise and fall of potential in the coil Il thereby producing a very ellicient imluctivc action.

In Fig. 2* I have shown an embodiment oi my invention arranged tor use with a direct current. In th's ctmstruction the solenoid It) operates the automatic break l tl c latler having a stop c as before and for the same purpose. "When the attraction of the solenoid opens the break, the condenser Ill" is rapidly charged and disclutrglnl with very high potential from the self-induction ot' the solenoid I) through the coil I), then in. series cir cuit with the condenser. lily this means I am enabled to use a direct current with a highcllicicncy induction. apparatus operated by or in connection with a vibrator-l n-eal-:.

My object in general is to increase the el liciency of induction apparatus or oseillattn's used. in connection with breaks of: the vibrator class.

The above-dei-icribcd improvemenls oi. the break or interrupter give it much sharper and. improved action as well as increased speed, and the method and means of operating an induction apparatus therewith or therelfroin incre se the extent or range of the lluctuations, giving the sharp drop from the top ol? the wave bel'ore mentioned, together with. increased rapidity. The two parts ff" of the condenser may be separated rovided the part f is in the closed circuit and the partj' is in an interrupted circuit, as before explained. Moreover, my invention enables the operator readily to control the apparatus and the character ot' the imluctivc action.

TIS

The invention is not restricted in anywise to the embodiments herein presented, as various changes are within the scope thereof, and it is not otherwise limited than as defined in the following claims.

Having described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with an electric break having an electromagnet, an anvil, and a vibrating hammer, of a collector to concentrate the lines of magnetic influence on said hammer, substantially as described.

2. The combination with an electric break having an electromagnet, an anvil, and a vibrating hammer, of a collector to concentrate the lines of magnetic influence on said hammer, and means to vary the position of said collector relatively to said hammer, substantially as described.

The combination with an electric break, having an electromagnet, an anvil, and a vibrating hammer, of means to shear or drag sidewise the hammer from the anvil whenever the break-gap between the hammer and anvil is partially short-circuited by the fusing or clinging of the metal at the contactpoints, substantially as described.

l. An electric break of the vibrator class, provided with a hammer composed of laminated material, substantially as described.

5. In an electric break, a core, hammer, and collector, to concentrate the lines of magnetic influence on the hammer, said collector bein g composed of laminated material, substantially as described.

6. The combination with an electric break, having an anvil and a vibrating hammer, of a positive stop to limit and positively stop the movement of the latter from the anvil, substantially as described.

7.. The combination with an electric break, having an anvil and a vibrating hammer, of a positive stop to limit and positively stop the movement of the latter from the anvil, and means to adjust said stop, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a break, having an anvil, a vibrating hammer, and a positive stop for the latter, of a condenser interrupted by said break, and an induction-coil in series circuit therewith, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a break, having an anvil, and a vibrating hammer, of an electric circuit operating the same and interrupted thereby, an induction apparatus in said circuit, and a condenser having independent connections to said anvil and said hammer, substantially as described.

10. The combination with an electric circuit, including an induction apparatus, and an interrupter, of a double condenser also in said circuit, said induction apparatus having continuous connection with one part of said condenser and interrupted'connection with the other part of the condenser, substantially as described.

11. The combination with an electric circuit, including an induction apparatus, and an interrupter including a hammer and anvil, of a double condenser also in said circuit, said induction apparatus having continuous connection with one part of said condenser and interrupted connection with the other part of the condenser, and means to regulate the movement of said hammer so as to bring the discharge of the said interrupted part of said condenser into synchronism with the period of said circuit, substantially as de scribed.

12. The herein-described method of operating an induction apparatus in a system including said induction apparatus, an interrupter, condenser, and source of electric energy, said method consisting of energizing the induction apparatus from said source of energy in connection with said condenser, and When the wave is at its extreme fluctuation, cutting out the condenser, substantially as described.

13. The herein-described method of operating an induction apparatus in a system including said induction apparatus, an interrupter, condenser, and source of electric energy, said method consisting of energizing the induction apparatus from said source of energy in connection with said condenser, and When the wave is at its extreme fluctuation, cutting out the condenser the induction apparatus being then in direct circuit with the source of energy, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS E. KINRAIDE.

\Vitnesses:

GEO. H. MAXWELL, JOHN C. EDWARDS. 

